he 12th-grade biology course is designed to provide students with an advanced understanding of biological concepts, focusing on specialized topics within the field. Building upon the foundational knowledge acquired in earlier grades, students explore subjects such as molecular biology, genetics, biotechnology, ecology, and human physiology. Through theoretical discussions, laboratory experiments, and research projects, students delve into the intricacies of biological systems, their functions, and interactions at various levels of organization. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and the application of biological principles to address complex biological phenomena and contemporary issues. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of biology and its relevance in understanding life processes and addressing challenges in the modern world.